Ovarian Cysts

An ovarian cyst is a fluid filled sac which develops in an ovary.  The majority of these cysts are benign/non-cancerous and asymptomatic. Ovarian cysts vary in size and can grow to be as large as a grapefruit or as small as a pea.  Any ovarian follicle that is larger than approximately two centimeters is termed an ovarian cyst.  If symptomatic, ovarian cysts can cause issues such as irregular bleeding, pelvic pain, and/or abdominal swelling.  Pain may also occur if an ovarian cyst ruptures or twists (torsion).  Also, should ovarian remnant tissue remain after a complete hysterectomy, this can also result in the growth of painful cysts.  Functional ovarian cysts (cysts that are a normal part of the monthly menstrual changes within the ovary) are common and have a tendency to disappear on their own.  Therefore, the symptoms of functional cysts may be so minor that they come and go virtually unnoticed.

Treatment for an ovarian cyst depends on its size and the symptoms experienced by the patient.  Cysts less than six centimeters can typically be treated conservatively with birth control and observation over time via pelvic ultrasound.  Ovarian cysts larger than six centimeters may require surgical removal.  This is normally done during a minimally invasive procedure via operative laparoscopy.  Cysts that persist beyond two or three menstrual cycles (or occur in post-menopausal women) may be indicative of a more serious disease and should be further investigated by a physician.

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